Herpes simplex type 1 and type 2

The herpes simplex virus causes skin and mucous membrane infections, among other things.

There are two major types of herpes simplex viruses:

• type 1: usually causes the cold sore/fever blister
• type 2: classically gives rise to genital herpes

In principle, both viruses can cause infections all over the body and mucous membranes.

An initial infection with herpes simplex virus is a primary infection. With this, most people experience no to mild symptoms. Since the primary infection, the virus has been dormant (i.e. latent) in the nerve nodes, so to speak. It can then flare back up at any time. Often a resurgence or reactivation is provoked by illness, fever, sunlight or stress.

A herpes infection is contagious from person to person. This is usually through direct contact (e.g. kissing), but sometimes transmitted through an object (e.g. a drinking glass). If you get infected by the virus, you carry it for life.

Herpes shows on the skin and mucous membranes as blisters. Often these lesions give burning, stinging, pricking and/or tingling sensations. They can be limited, but sometimes they can be very extensive.

The diagnosis is made by the physician based on what he or she sees. A skin swab is also often taken to determine the type of virus.

A mild herpes infection in the form of a fever blister can be treated with antiviral creams.

For all other herpes infections, we prefer to start an antiviral treatment with tablets. This only makes sense if treatment is started within five days of the first symptoms arising. If a patient suffers frequent bouts, maintenance treatment with antiviral medication can sometimes be given for a period of six months to a year.

Latest publication date: 15/05/2024